Glucobrassicin-Brussel Sprout Effect on D10 Phe Metabolism

Subjects will be given 1 microgram of [D10]phe, and all urine will be collected for 6 h
afterwards to quantify baseline levels of [D10]phenanthrene tetraol ([D10]pheT) and
[D10]phenanthrols ([D10]HOP). Within 3 days of this baseline measurement, subjects will
consume 200 micromoles of glucobrassicin in the form of raw Brussels sprouts (~150 grams) at
the study center once daily for 7 consecutive days. Urine will be collected for 24 h after
vegetable consumption on days 3 ± 1 and 6 of the feeding intervention for
3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) quantification. On day 7 of the feeding intervention, a second
dose of 1 microgram of [D10]phe will be administered at the study center after vegetable
consumption, followed by another 6 h urine collection.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Adult ≥ 18 years old

- Current or former smoker by self-report

- Willing to abstain from cruciferous vegetable consumption other than the study
vegetable during the study period

- Able to understand the experimental nature of the study and provide informed consent

- Negative urine pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential within 7 days of
baseline [D10]phe dosing

Exclusion Criteria:

- Chronic proton pump inhibitor, H2-blocker (i.e., ranitidine, famotidine), and/or
calcium carbonate use

- History of gastric bypass surgery, gastric banding, bowel resection, malabsorption
syndromes such as celiac sprue or pancreatic insufficiency, or other conditions that
may affect gastric absorption

- Current use of tobacco products other than cigarettes (i.e. snuff, snuz, smokeless
tobacco, cigars, pipes) or use of these products within 3 months of study registration

- Major or chronic medical disease, including heart disease, poorly controlled diabetes,
etc., to be adjudicated by the principal investigator

- Women who are pregnant, intend to become pregnant within 3 months of the study period,
or who are breastfeeding

- Current or recent (within 12 months) problems with drug use or alcohol dependence by
self-report Antibiotic use within 2 months of study enrollment or during the study by
self-report Alcohol dependence, abuse, or history of dependence/abuse by self-report
Vegetarians

- History of respiratory tract cancer

- Use of metronidazole or antabuse during the study

- Taking ibuprofen, naproxen, other NSAIDs, steroids (except inhaled steroids) within 14
days of study registration

- Allergy to Brussels sprouts