Heart Disease of the Small Arteries in Women and Men
| Status: | Recruiting |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Peripheral Vascular Disease, Cardiology |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Cardiology / Vascular Diseases |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - Any |
| Updated: | 12/16/2018 |
| Start Date: | November 2005 |
| End Date: | January 2020 |
| Contact: | Ying Mou, PhD |
| Email: | Ying.Mou@cshs.org |
| Phone: | 310-248-7669 |
Coronary Microvascular Disease and Endothelial Function in Women and Men
Women suffer disproportionately than men from Cardiac Syndrome X ( chest pain in the absence
of flow limiting coronary artery stenosis). Coronary microvascular disease is hypothesized to
mediate chest pain in this syndrome. This disorder of the small heart vessels (arterioles)
compared to the large vessels (arteries) is not diagnosed during routine heart
catheterization. This results in delays in diagnosis, missed opportunities for treatment, and
likely contributes to the increased death rate from coronary heart disease in women compared
to men.
Current testing for small vessel disease is performed in the cardiac catheterization
laboratory using specialized testing and is not performed routinely. Accordingly, women with
this condition are either falsely reassured, or misdiagnosed as another non-cardiac
condition. Unnecessary healthcare costs related to re-hospitalization and repeat angiography
are incurred, while women are often not initiated on appropriate lifesaving treatment. We and
others have demonstrated in randomized controlled trials that therapies that target the
endothelium, e.g. statins, ACE inhibitors, and exercise are effective in this condition.
Majority of women with Cardiac Syndorme X go undiagnosed. Recent studies have shown
significant increased health care costs, morbidity and mortality related to this disease. It
is becoming more important to further characterize this group of patients and we hope to do
that with our study.
of flow limiting coronary artery stenosis). Coronary microvascular disease is hypothesized to
mediate chest pain in this syndrome. This disorder of the small heart vessels (arterioles)
compared to the large vessels (arteries) is not diagnosed during routine heart
catheterization. This results in delays in diagnosis, missed opportunities for treatment, and
likely contributes to the increased death rate from coronary heart disease in women compared
to men.
Current testing for small vessel disease is performed in the cardiac catheterization
laboratory using specialized testing and is not performed routinely. Accordingly, women with
this condition are either falsely reassured, or misdiagnosed as another non-cardiac
condition. Unnecessary healthcare costs related to re-hospitalization and repeat angiography
are incurred, while women are often not initiated on appropriate lifesaving treatment. We and
others have demonstrated in randomized controlled trials that therapies that target the
endothelium, e.g. statins, ACE inhibitors, and exercise are effective in this condition.
Majority of women with Cardiac Syndorme X go undiagnosed. Recent studies have shown
significant increased health care costs, morbidity and mortality related to this disease. It
is becoming more important to further characterize this group of patients and we hope to do
that with our study.
Study Aims:
1. To establish prevalence of microvascular disease in women and men with Cardiac Syndrome
X
2. To study the predictive value and utility of noninvasive tests like Peripheral Artery
Tonometry (PAT) and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) in diagnosing Cardiac Syndrome X.
3. To establish prognosis in women and men with Cardiac Syndrome X.
4. To elucidate the risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment, and
prognosis of patients with microvascular angina (MVA).
With this research study, we want to specifically study a group of patients who have chest
pain or other signs or symptoms suggestive of heart disease but don't have visible blockages
in the large heart arteries. Patients with chest pain who undergo heart catheterization but
have no blockages of large heart arteries will be consented and enrolled. Patients will be
asked to fill out questionnaires about their medical history, including family, reproductive
and, social histories. They will also be asked to undergo testing during heart
catheterization that would test for abnormalities in their small heart arteries using
medications, acetylcholine and adenosine. This testing is a standard of care procedure given
at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients would receive this test whether they
participate in the research or not. The test is performed by infusing acetylcholine and
adenosine through the same catheter that is used for routine heart catheterization. This test
may add an additional 15 minutes to the heart catheterization procedure.
In addition, patients will be asked to undergo a non-invasive test called Peripheral Arterial
Tonometry or PAT for research purposes and in some cases, if clinically indicated a Cardiac
Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging test as a standard of care. Patients will be followed up
using phone questionnaires at 6 months and than annually thereafter. It is proposed that
problems with the function of the large and small arteries may be responsible for giving some
patients their symptoms of chest pain and put them at risk for heart attacks. PAT may help us
more easily and non-invasively measure this function by testing the arteries in the arm.
Selected patients will also undergo CMR imaging that may be useful to detect abnormalities in
the inner layer of the heart muscle resulting from the abnormal function of the large and
small heart arteries. These non-invasive tests will be corroborated with results from
invasive testing during heart catheterization, which is considered the gold standard for
testing for function of the large and the small heart arteries.
The three tests (heart catheterization with adenosine coronary flow reserve testing,
acetylcholine provocative vasomotor testing during heart catheterization, cardiac MRI) are
performed for standard care.
Blood and urine collection have been added to this protocol as a secondary outcome for future
tests and for testing whether impaired Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) number is related to
the presence and severity of microvascular disease.
Results from our study will help confirm the need to test patients with chest pain and open
large arteries during heart catheterizations for abnormalities in the function of the large
and small heart arteries, and to validate the usefulness of using non-invasive techniques
like PAT and CMR for detecting this problem. The study will also help confirm the increased
risk of heart attack associated with the abnormal function in the large and small arteries in
these patients.
Subjects will be asked if they are interested in receiving information on Pro00015124
(repository/collection). If they are interested, they will be consented under Pro00015124. No
specimens collected as part of this study will be forwarded to Pro00015124.
1. To establish prevalence of microvascular disease in women and men with Cardiac Syndrome
X
2. To study the predictive value and utility of noninvasive tests like Peripheral Artery
Tonometry (PAT) and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) in diagnosing Cardiac Syndrome X.
3. To establish prognosis in women and men with Cardiac Syndrome X.
4. To elucidate the risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment, and
prognosis of patients with microvascular angina (MVA).
With this research study, we want to specifically study a group of patients who have chest
pain or other signs or symptoms suggestive of heart disease but don't have visible blockages
in the large heart arteries. Patients with chest pain who undergo heart catheterization but
have no blockages of large heart arteries will be consented and enrolled. Patients will be
asked to fill out questionnaires about their medical history, including family, reproductive
and, social histories. They will also be asked to undergo testing during heart
catheterization that would test for abnormalities in their small heart arteries using
medications, acetylcholine and adenosine. This testing is a standard of care procedure given
at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients would receive this test whether they
participate in the research or not. The test is performed by infusing acetylcholine and
adenosine through the same catheter that is used for routine heart catheterization. This test
may add an additional 15 minutes to the heart catheterization procedure.
In addition, patients will be asked to undergo a non-invasive test called Peripheral Arterial
Tonometry or PAT for research purposes and in some cases, if clinically indicated a Cardiac
Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging test as a standard of care. Patients will be followed up
using phone questionnaires at 6 months and than annually thereafter. It is proposed that
problems with the function of the large and small arteries may be responsible for giving some
patients their symptoms of chest pain and put them at risk for heart attacks. PAT may help us
more easily and non-invasively measure this function by testing the arteries in the arm.
Selected patients will also undergo CMR imaging that may be useful to detect abnormalities in
the inner layer of the heart muscle resulting from the abnormal function of the large and
small heart arteries. These non-invasive tests will be corroborated with results from
invasive testing during heart catheterization, which is considered the gold standard for
testing for function of the large and the small heart arteries.
The three tests (heart catheterization with adenosine coronary flow reserve testing,
acetylcholine provocative vasomotor testing during heart catheterization, cardiac MRI) are
performed for standard care.
Blood and urine collection have been added to this protocol as a secondary outcome for future
tests and for testing whether impaired Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) number is related to
the presence and severity of microvascular disease.
Results from our study will help confirm the need to test patients with chest pain and open
large arteries during heart catheterizations for abnormalities in the function of the large
and small heart arteries, and to validate the usefulness of using non-invasive techniques
like PAT and CMR for detecting this problem. The study will also help confirm the increased
risk of heart attack associated with the abnormal function in the large and small arteries in
these patients.
Subjects will be asked if they are interested in receiving information on Pro00015124
(repository/collection). If they are interested, they will be consented under Pro00015124. No
specimens collected as part of this study will be forwarded to Pro00015124.
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Women and men with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia and angina or angina
equivalent (chest pain, abnormal stress testing, abnormal noninvasive testing) or
microvascular angina (MVA) which is defined as angina and ischemic ECG changes without
organic obstructive stenosis or epicardial spasm of the coronary arteries
2. No obstructive coronary artery disease performed within the previous 24 months (<50%
luminal obstruction in one or more coronary arteries on angiography).
3. Age > 18 years old
4. Competent to give informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Obstructive CAD ≥ 50% luminal diameter stenosis in ≥ 1 epicardial coronary artery,
2. Acute coronary syndrome (defined by the ACC/AHA criteria, Braunwald 2000),
3. Primary valvular heart disease clearly indicating the need for valve repair or
replacement;
4. Patients with concurrent cardiogenic shock or requiring inotropic or intra-aortic
balloon support;
5. Prior or planned percutaneous coronary intervention or CABG or prior acute MI in prior
30 days;
6. Prior non-cardiac illness with an estimated life expectancy <4 years;
7. Unable to give informed consent;
8. Chest pain with a non-ischemic etiology (e.g.,pericarditis, pneumonia, esophageal
spasm);
9. Contraindications to adenosine or Regadenoson (Lexiscan)
10. Women and men with intermediate coronary stenoses (>20% but <50% luminal diameter
stenosis assessed visually at the time of angiography) will undergo clinically
indicated IVUS testing based on the judgment of the operator; those determined to have
flow FFR or obstructing stenosis will be excluded from the overall study.
11. Heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV on treatment)
12. LV dysfunction (ejection fraction <40%)
13. Documented obstructive myocardiopathy
We found this trial at
1
site
Los Angeles, California 90048
Principal Investigator: Noel Bairey-Merz, MD
Phone: 310-248-7669
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