Rapid MRI for Acute Pediatric Head Trauma

Initial retrospective study suggests that QbMRI has adequate sensitivity to detect acute
ciTBIs in children. This preliminary study included all pediatric trauma patients presenting
to OHSU from 2/2010 through 12/2013 who had both a head CT and QbMRI. The current standard of
care in the pediatric ICU at OHSU is for patients admitted with an acute head injury to
undergo routine QbMRI follow up to assess status of the injury rather than a repeat head CT.
Our study team collected clinical data on these patients that included clinical interventions
and then de-identified all head CT and QbMRI images for this cohort. The images were then
independently reviewed by 2 neuroradiology fellows at OHSU (Please refer to Figure 1). The
sensitivity of QbMRI to detect any radiographic injury was 85% (95% CI: 73, 93), but
increased when evaluating clinically important TBIs to 100% (95% CI: 89, 100). The largest
limitation of this study was the variable and often long time interval between acquisition of
the head CT and QbMRI. The average length of time between the initial head CT and QbMRI was
27.5 hours with only 41% receiving both imaging tests within 12 hours of each other. Also,
preliminary data was collected by retrospective review. As such, it is very promising that
initial study had high sensitivity, but further prospective pilot data with a shorter
interval between the index and reference test is needed to assess the discrepancy between the
two types of lesions (radiographic vs clinically important) and feasibility of obtaining
qbMRI in the setting of acute pediatric head trauma. While this study did not miss any
clinically important TBIs, on further review of radiographic "missed lesions", the study
pediatric neurosurgeon noted signs of a healing bleed. This may suggest that they were
"missed" because they were healed rather than present and not seen. All patients that did not
have a lesion identified on QbMRI did not require significant clinical interventions and only
underwent periods of observation in the hospital. However, this raises the need for a
prospective trial to obtain QbMRI imaging within the same time frame sequentially after the
initial head CT.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. The patient presents to the pediatric emergency department or trauma system at OHSU or
is a trauma system transfer patient to OHSU

2. Age 0-14 years.

3. Being evaluated for a traumatic head injury and attending physician decides to obtain
a head CT.

4. Clinically stable for additional testing: provider deems it safe to obtain a QbMRI in
the ED without deep sedation

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject is from outside hospital and head CT was performed greater than 6 hours prior

2. Subject is from outside hospital and initial head CT is not in our imaging system for
review

3. History of intracranial surgery

4. History of metallic implants making MRI contraindicated

5. Decompressive surgery prior to QbMRI