Asthma in the Delta Region of Arkansas: Characterization of Disease and Impact of Environmental Factors

Asthma is the most common chronic disease of children and disproportionately affects minority
and low-income children. Current pediatric asthma research in this high-risk group focuses on
children living in inner-city environments. Low-income, minority children with asthma from
non-urban locales have not been studied extensively. The specific aims of the study will
examine the impact of home environmental exposure to endotoxin on asthma severity and atopy
status in the rural setting among predominately African American, low-income asthmatics. This
study will answer several research questions. The first question involves the relationship
between asthma severity and exposure to endotoxin among rural children at high risk for
increased morbidity and mortality. Second, the relationship between atopy and endotoxin
exposure has been the subject of recent debates among asthma researchers. The hygiene
hypothesis suggest that the recent rise in atopic disease in Westernized societies is due to
decreased microbial burden. Last data on atopy and aeroallergen exposure among high-risk
rural asthmatics will be critical in the design and implementation of future intervention
programs.

Inclusion Criteria:

- English speaking participants aged 4-17 years from four rural schools with physician
diagnosed asthma or symptoms of asthma in the previous 12 months (coughing, wheezing,
chest tightness, shortness of breath) (per parental or legal guardian report) and
current taking prescribed medications for asthma such as inhalers, syrup or breathing
machine.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Children with significant underlying respiratory disease other than asthma (such as
cystic fibrosis) or significant co-morbid conditions such as severe developmental
delay or cerebral palsy will be excluded from the study.