Optimizing Drug Doses in Critically Ill

Purpose: The primary objectives of this study are to examine whether augmented renal
clearance compromises renally eliminated drug therapeutic serum concentrations in patients
with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to estimate the optimal dose needed to achieve
therapeutic serum concentrations of the probe medication levetiracetam in patients with TBI.

Participants: The population will be comprised of patients with traumatic brain injury
requiring levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis admitted to the neurosciences intensive care
unit

Procedures (methods): This is a multi-center, prospective, non-randomized pharmacokinetic
study in patients with TBI. In patients who meet the inclusion criteria, a 12-hour urine
collection for measuring creatinine clearance levetiracetam urine concentrations will be
performed daily for 7 days. Serum levetiracetam concentrations will be obtained twice daily
for 7 days.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults ≥ 18 years

2. Patients with TBI requiring levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis

3. Anticipated length of stay in the SICU or NSICU > 48 hours

4. Informed consent provided by the patient's designated medical proxy

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy

2. Patients with renal dysfunction (CKD stages 3 - 5 and/or SCr > 1.4 mg/dL)

3. Patients receiving renal replacement therapy

4. Brain death or suspected imminent brain death within the next 48 hours

5. Patients with history of nephrectomy or renal transplant