Gender-Responsive Drug Use Treatment for Juvenile Justice Girls

Compared to both non-offending females and male offending counterparts, offending girls are
at significantly greater risk for the development of substance use disorders, psychiatric
symptoms and negative health outcomes, such as HIV/AIDS or other sexually transmitted
infections (STIs). Research suggests that girls may have different developmental pathways to
drug use, initial legal involvement and co-occurring negative health outcomes that support
the importance of testing gender-specific treatments for juvenile justice girls. Although
there is recent increased emphasis on gender-specific programming in juvenile justice,
empirically supported gender specific interventions to improve health, mental health and/or
legal outcomes among juvenile justice girls are lacking. The objective of this Stage II
treatment trial is therefore to test the efficacy of a pre-existing, widely disseminated
gender-responsive drug use treatment (VOICES) among 130 girls who are at-risk for or already
involved with the justice system. We seek to test the effect of VOICES on girls' drug and
alcohol use, HIV/STI risk, psychiatric symptoms and recidivism as well as explore moderators
and mediators of outcomes. Girls and young women, ages 12-24 (N= 6 juveniles for Phase I
Intervention Run-Through; N=130 for Phase II RCT study) will be recruited from justice
partners (probation, diversion programs) and school partners (high schools/middle schools).
Participants will be randomized to either the VOICES (active) intervention (n=65) or a Girl
Health (attention control) condition (n=65). In Phase I (first six months of Year 1), 6
juveniles will be recruited to complete the Intervention Run-Through and research assessment
once to allow testing of RCT intervention and assessment procedures prior to the RCT phase.
In Phase II (last half of Year 1 through Year 4), 130 girls will be recruited and randomized
at baseline and then re-assessed at mid-treatment, end of treatment, 3 months and 6 months
post-intervention. Biological specimens for juvenile drug use will also be collected at each
3-month assessment. Efficacy trial results can be used to make immediate changes to current
widespread program delivery resulting in direct impact on the field of evidence-based
gender-responsive substance use interventions for juvenile justice girls and young women.

Inclusion Criteria:

130 court-involved, non-incarcerated (CINI) female juvenile offenders or those at-risk for
court-involvement, ages 12-24, who report any alcohol, marijuana or other drug use in the
past 90 days will be eligible for enrollment with the following criteria:

1) Determined to be in need of substance use treatment by the court intake worker,
probation officer, presiding judge or magistrate, and/or school counselor; 2) Legal
guardian available to consent for child's participation, if the child is under the age of
18, and 3) Child is English speaking.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. meet DSM-V criteria for substance use disorder with current severity rating of severe
(6 or more symptoms) (as determined through referral partner);

2. already in substance use treatment (residential or outpatient) and wish to remain with
outside provider (as determined through referral partner);

3. observable cognitive or developmental delays or active psychosis that would interfere
with completing consent, assessment or intervention.