Quercetin PK/PD Study in Healthy Adults and Patients With Hypercoagulable States

To compare the absorption and activity of quercetin or isoquercetin with or without ascorbic
acid in healthy adults. Oral chews containing quercetin (500mg) or isoquercetin(500 mg total)
with or without ascorbic acid will be given. Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, Cmax, Tmax,
elimination half-life) will be determined over 24 hours (8 time points). Pharmacodynamic
inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase activity will also be assessed.

In addition to healthy subjects, a cohort of 10 individuals with antiphospholipid antibodies
will participate. These participants will receive isoquercetin 1000 mg and have
pharmacodynamics studies performed at time 0 and 4 hours.

All study drugs will be provided by Quercegen Pharma.

Inclusion Criteria

- Subject is willing to participate and provide informed consent

- Subject is considered reliable and capable of adhering to the protocol per the
judgment of the Investigator

- Subjects in group D must exhibit good organ reserves (within prior 4 weeks) defined
as:

1. Estimated GFR >35 (formula),

2. Platelet count >65 K/uL,

3. Hemoglobin >10.5 grams/dL

4. Total bilirubin <2.0 mg/dL

- Minimum age 18 years old

- Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 35 kg/m2

- For cohort D (antiphospholipid antibodies) a. Subjects in group D must have at least
one positive antiphospholipid antibody within the last 8 weeks and/or previous
confirmed antibodies (2 or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart) : i. Positive lupus
anticoagulant ii. anticardiolipin antibody IgM or IgG (>40U GPL) iii. anti-β2
Glycoprotein1 antibody titer (>35 units)

Exclusion Criteria

- Pregnant. If female of child-bearing age, negative urinary pregnancy test prior to
dosing of quercetin or isoquercetin

- No history of malabsorptive gastrointestinal disorder

- Currently taking aspirin, NSAIDS, warfarin, low-molecular weight heparin or other
anticoagulants (such as direct thrombin inhibitors or factor X inhibitors)

a. Note: Study subjects taking aspirin or NSAIDS, if treating physician concurs, are
permitted to enroll if plan to hold for aspirin 10 days or NSAIDS 24 hours prior to
dosing of quercetin/isoquercetin

- Prescribed niacin for hyperlipidemia

- Known HIV

- History of sensitivity or intolerance to flavonoids, niacin or ascorbic acid

- May not have uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing
or active infection, hepatitis, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina
pectoris or cardiac arrhythmia