The Sounds of Compassion: Testing How Specific Elements of Meditation Change Daily Life

Important health benefits of meditation may be conferred as much by what people actually do
and say in their daily lives as by how they self-perceive the effect of training on their
behavior and emotions. To test this hypothesis, and to explore whether specific elements of
meditation (e.g. compassion vs. mindfulness) have different effects on real-world social
behavior, the current project proposes to use the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) in
a randomized, longitudinal design to objectively measure whether meditation does indeed make
people behave in happier, kinder and more prosocial ways in their daily lives. This design
will permit an exploratory analysis of how such behavioral transformations might relate to
subjective reports of meditative effects. To accomplish these objectives, 108 medically
healthy adults will be randomized to 8 weeks training in compassion meditation (n=36),
Mindfulness Attention Training (MAT) (n = 36) or to an active control condition consisting
of a health education discussion group (n=36). Prior to randomization and again upon
completion of these interventions, all subjects will participate in an EAR protocol to
evaluate the effect of meditation training on their real-world prosocial and affiliative
behavior. Based on prior research and direct pilot data from 25 participants, prosocial and
affiliative behavior will be assessed as the amount of (1) shown empathy and affection, (2)
laughing vs. sighing, (3) arguing and complaining, (4) time spent interacting with others
vs. alone, (5) meaningful conversations, (6) socially inclusive (i.e. use of "we"/us") vs.
self-focused (i.e. use of "I"/me") first person language. Following the first EAR
assessment, subjects will commence 8 weeks of compassion meditation training, MAT, or
attendance in the health discussion group. Following these interventions subjects will
participate in EAR monitoring identical to the initial assessment. To assess whether changes
in daily behavior are sustained over a longer period, all subjects will undergo a final EAR
assessment 6 months following completion of the study interventions. Self-report measures of
social integration and support and behavioral/lifestyle variables that might be associated
with EAR outcomes will be evaluated prior to each EAR assessment and treated as covariates.