Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration Performed Under General Anesthesia Versus Moderate Sedation

Inclusion Criteria:

- All patients over the age of 18, evaluated by pulmonary physician that require EBUS
TBNA for sampling of hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathies or masses

- Patients should be considered eligible to undergo either CS or GA, without
contraindications for either one of them, based on the assessment by the
pulmonologist who will perform EBUS-TBNA

Exclusion Criteria:

- Pregnancy or breastfeeding women

- Patients deemed poor candidates for general anesthesia by the evaluating physician
(e.g., severe coronary artery disease, COPD with FEV1 < 1 liter, uncontrolled
hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, reaction to anesthetics)

- Previous reaction to medications routinely used in conscious sedation

- Patients with history of intolerance to either general anesthesia or conscious
sedation

- Dementia or other severe cognitive impairment causing inability to understand or
consent to the procedure and study