Grains Reduce Adiposity and Improve Nutrition Study
| Status: | Archived |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Obesity Weight Loss, Endocrine |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | Any |
| Updated: | 7/1/2011 |
| Start Date: | August 2008 |
| End Date: | May 2011 |
Grains Reduce Adiposity and Improve Nutrition Study (GRAINS) Increased Whole Grain Intake - Beneficial Effects on Visceral Adiposity, Vascular Function and Glucose Metabolism/Insulin Resistance
Whole grain intake beneficially affects body weight, body fat and glucose metabolism, and
the investigators' previous work has shown that a high whole grain intake significantly
reduced body fat in the abdominal region as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DEXA) compared to a refined grain intake. Additional research is needed with regard to the
mechanisms by which whole grains may affect visceral adiposity and the adipokines, which
have been associated with risk for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Therefore the
proposed study aims to address these issues and in addition, includes exploratory work with
adipocytes in cell culture to evaluate the effects of whole grains on adipocyte function.
Hypothesis:
There will be a greater reduction in visceral adiposity, indicators of insulin resistance
(HOMA score), improvement in inflammatory status and improvement in adipokine levels after
six weeks of a weight stable period and after six weeks of weight loss in subjects consuming
6-9 servings compared to 0 servings of whole grains per day.
Including whole grains as part of a heart-healthy diet has been shown to be beneficial in
decreasing body weight and body fat. The beneficial effects of whole grains on body weight
may be explained by the larger volume and relatively low energy density of whole grain food
thus leading to increased satiation. Reducing visceral fat is of particular importance as
visceral adiposity has been associated with increased risk for metabolic diseases and
cardiovascular disease.
The proposed study is a randomized, 2-parallel arm controlled feeding study. Subjects will
be fed one of two weight maintenance diets (refined grain and whole grain) for 6 weeks,
followed by a 6 week controlled weight loss period where subjects are fed the same diets,
but at a reduced calorie level, designed to elicit weight loss (~2 lbs per week). Diets for
both groups will have the same nutrient profile (percent of calories from fat, protein,
carbohydrates, etc.); however, the WG group will substitute whole grains for refined grains
in their grain intake (breads, tortillas, cereals, etc.). The WG group will be expected to
take in 6-9 servings of whole grains per day on both diets. Plasma endpoints will be
measured at baseline and at the end of the 6-week diet periods. Blood samples also will be
taken at the mid-point of each period and held for analysis if deemed appropriate after
initial data is reviewed. Endo-PAT will be conducted at baseline and at the end of each
diet period as well as DEXA and MRI testing.
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