Evaluation of the Roadsaver Stent Used in Conjunction With the Nanoparasol Embolic Protection System for Carotid Artery Stenosis

A total of 295 patients will be enrolled for this study. All potential patients being
considered for the study should have been diagnosed with significant carotid artery stenosis
and be considered a high perioperative risk for carotid endarterectomy.

Patients will be evaluated through screening, pre-procedure, index procedure, post-procedure.
Follow-up visits will be completed at 30 days, 6 months, and 12, 24, and 36 months
post-procedure.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient is between >21 and ≤80 years of age.

2. Patient is willing and capable of complying with all study protocol requirements,
including specified follow-up period and can be contacted by telephone.

3. Patient or authorized legal representative is willing to provide written informed
consent prior to enrollment in study.

4. Patient should have been diagnosed with carotid artery stenosis and be considered a
high operative risk for carotid endarterectomy.

5. Patient is either:

- Symptomatic with carotid stenosis ≥50% as determined by angiography using NASCET
methodology. Symptomatic is defined as amaurosis fugax ipsilateral to the carotid
lesion; TIA or non-disabling stroke within 180 days of the procedure within the
hemisphere supplied by the target vessel; or

- Asymptomatic with carotid stenosis ≥80% as determined by angiography using NASCET
methodology.

6. Patient has a target lesion located at the carotid bifurcation and/or proximal ICA.

7. Patient has a single de novo or restenotic (post CEA) target lesion or severe tandem
lesions close enough that can be covered by a single Roadsaver™ stent.

8. Patients having a vessel with reference diameters between 3.0 mm and 9.0 mm at the
target lesion.

High Risk Inclusion Criteria

For inclusion in the study, a patient must qualify in at least one anatomic or co-morbid
high-risk condition, as shown below:

Anatomic High Risk Conditions:

1. Patient has a target lesion at or above the second vertebral body (level of jaw) or
below the clavicle.

2. Patient has an inability to extend the head due to cervical arthritis or other
cervical disorders.

3. Patient is status/post radiation therapy to the neck.

4. Patient has a prior head and neck surgery in the region of the carotid artery.

5. Patient has spinal immobility of the neck.

6. Patient has the presence of tracheostomy stoma.

7. Patient has laryngeal palsy or laryngectomy.

8. Patient has a hostile neck or surgically inaccessible lesion.

9. Patient has severe tandem lesions.

Co-morbid High Risk Conditions:

1. Patient is ≥70 years of age (maximum 80 years) at the time of enrollment.

2. Patient has NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure (CHF) with LVEF <35%.

3. Patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with FEV <30%.

4. Patient has unstable angina.

5. Patient has had a recent myocardial infarction (≥30 days prior to stenting procedure).

6. Patient has coronary artery disease with two or more vessels with ≥ 70% stenosis.

7. Patient has planned CABG or valve replacement surgery between 31‐60 days after the CAS
procedure.

8. Patient requires peripheral vascular surgery or abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
between 31‐60 days following the CAS procedure.

9. Patient has contralateral laryngeal nerve paralysis

10. Patient has restenosis after a previous CEA.

11. Patient has contralateral occlusion in the ICA as the only comorbid high risk
condition.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient has life expectancy of less than one year.

2. Patient is experiencing (or has experienced) an evolving, acute, or recent disabling
stroke in the last 30 days.

3. Patient has anticipated or potential sources of emboli (e.g. known previously
symptomatic patent foramen ovale (PFO), mechanical heart valve, or deep vein
thrombosis (DVT) treated within 6 months) that are not adequately treated with
antithrombotics for at least two weeks with documented coagulation parameters in the
target therapeutic range.

4. Patient has atrial fibrillation.

5. Patient has had an acute myocardial infarction within 60 days prior to index
procedure.

6. Patient has had or plans to have any major surgical procedure (i.e. intraabdominal or
intrathoracic surgery or any surgery/interventional procedure involving cardiac or
vascular system) within 30 days of the index procedure.

7. Patient has a history of major ipsilateral stroke.

8. Patient has >60% carotid stenosis contralateral to the target lesion requiring
treatment prior to completion of thes study-required 12 month follow-up.

9. Patient has a modified Rankin Scale of >2 or has another neurological deficit not due
to stroke that may confound the neurological patient assessments.

10. Patient has chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine ≥2.5 mg/dL) or has a history
of severe hepatic impairment, malignant hypertension, and/or is morbidly obese.

11. Patient has platelet count <100,000/μL.

12. Patient has known sensitivity to heparin or previous incidence of Heparin‐Induced
Thrombocytopenia (HIT) type II.

13. Patient has contraindication to standard of care study medications, including
antiplatelet therapy.

14. Patient has known sensitivity to contrast media that cannot be adequately controlled
with premedication.

15. Patient has known bleeding diathesis or hypercoagulable state or refuses blood
transfusions.

16. Patient has intracranial pathology that, in the opinion of the investigator, makes the
patient inappropriate for study participation (e.g. brain tumor, AVM, cerebral
aneurysm, cerebral vascular disease [microangiopathy or large vessel], etc.) or would
confound neurological evaluation.

17. Patient had intracranial hemorrhage within the last 90 days.

18. Patient is currently enrolled in another investigational study protocol and has not
completed its primary endpoint or that will confound the current study endpoints.
Patients who are involved in the long‐term surveillance of a clinical study are
eligible.

19. Patient suffers from confusion or dementia or is unable or unwilling to cooperate with
the study requirements and/or follow‐up procedures.

20. Patient has a known, unresolved history of drug use or alcohol dependency.

21. Patient has an active infection.

22. Patient has renal failure and/or is on dialysis.

23. Patient has documented uncontrolled diabetes.

24. Patient is pregnant.

Angiographic Exclusion Criteria

A patient is not eligible for enrollment in the study if he/she meets any of the following
angiographic exclusion criteria:

1. Patient has a total occlusion of the target carotid arteries (i.e., CCA or ICA).

2. Patient has a previously placed stent in the ipsilateral carotid artery.

3. Patient has severe lesion calcification or vascular tortuosity that may preclude the
safe introduction of the sheath, guiding catheter, embolic protection system, or
stent.

4. Patient has the presence of mobile filling defect or thrombus in target vessel.

5. Patient has occlusion or presence of "string sign" of the target vessel.

6. Patient has carotid (intracranial) stenosis located distal to target stenosis that is
more severe than target stenosis.

7. Patient has known mobile plaque or thrombus in the aortic arch.

8. Patient has a type III aortic arch.

9. Patient in whom femoral access is not possible.

10. Patient has intracranial arteriovenous malformations of the territory of the target
carotid artery.

11. Patient has an aneurysm in the territory of the target carotid artery that requires
treatment within 12 months.

12. Patient's ipsilateral carotid artery has 2 or more 90 degree bends in the target
landing zone.