Effect of Tyrosine on Behavioral, Physiological and Nutritional Status During Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE) School

The objective of the proposed research is to determine if tyrosine, an amino acid found in
protein-containing foods, will mitigate the cognitive deficits and adverse effects on
behavior and mood produced by exposure to military stress. This study will be conducted at
the Army Survive, Evade, Resist, Escape (SERE) school at Fort Bragg, NC.

Tyrosine is the dietary precursor of the catecholamine norepinephrine, a key brain
neurotransmitter that is critical for the central nervous system (CNS) response to various
types of acute stress. Psychological stress increases catecholamine turnover in the brain,
increasing the requirement for tyrosine to support synthesis of norepinephrine. Animal and
human studies have shown that tyrosine supplementation can produce beneficial effects on
cognitive and physiological functions during exposure to a variety of acute stressors.

This project will determine if volunteers treated with supplemental tyrosine during
stressful phases of SERE training experience less degradation in cognitive performance and
mood than volunteers treated with placebo. Tyrosine or placebo will be administered in a
specially developed food bar provided to volunteers. The bar is part of a prototype of
ration-component designed for use during assault operations. A between-subjects, double
blind experimental design will be employed. Tyrosine, an amino acid found in most
protein-containing foods, has been tested in hundreds of volunteers without adverse effects.

Approximately 100 volunteers will be recruited from several SERE classes to ensure up to 82
volunteers complete the study. They will be tested during several portions of SERE. A
comprehensive but brief battery of cognitive tests, as well as saliva and blood samples,
will be collected in a manner that does not interfere with ongoing training.

Hypotheses:

1. The adverse effects of psychological stress on cognitive performance and mood during
SERE school will be reduced when volunteers are given supplemental tyrosine compared to
placebo treatment.

2. Supplemental tyrosine will reduce release of proinflammatory cytokines that may be
increased by the stressful activities of SERE school.